“Direct-fit” converters unlimited are of three basic types
two-way, three-way and three-way plus oxidation converters. Two-way “oxidation” converters unlimited are used up to 1980 and are designed to eliminate hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three-way converters unlimited are designed to eliminate nitrogen oxides (NOX) as well. A Three-way plus or “dual-bed” converter allows atmospheric air to be injected between the three-way catalyst and an extra oxidation bed to further clean the engine exhaust. The precious metals used as converters unlimited are distributed in molecular form over a rough-surfaced ceramic wash coat covering the metallic honeycomb substrate. The effectiveness of the converter is basically determined by the amount of precious metals present on the honeycomb substrate. Consequently, it’s very important for supplier and technician alike to meet EPA requirements by selecting the correct converters unlimited for the application.
The converters unlimited Monitor
Only after the engine is started and driven, does the converters unlimited monitor run. Basically, the engine control module (ECM) uses a mathematical algorithm to compare the electrical activity of the upstream oxygen sensor (before the converter) with that of the downstream oxygen sensor. When the electrical activity of the upstream and downstream oxygen sensors doesn’t meet programmed parameters, a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0420 and/or P0430 is stored in the ECM’s diagnostic memory and the orange “Check Engine” warning light is illuminated.
Because the converters unlimited monitor is mathematically-based, attempting to diagnose a converter by comparing inlet and outlet temperatures or by using an exhaust gas analyzer will not yield valid test results. When a P420/430 diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is present, the professional technician should check for related ECM calibration update bulletins before replacing a converters unlimited. In many cases, reprogramming the PCM might solve a stubborn P420/430 DTC issue.
Causes of converters unlimited Failure
An ignition system misfire is the most common cause of catastrophic converter failure. The catalytic converter overheats because combustion takes place in the converter rather than the engine when a misfire occurs. When the converter exceeds an operating temperature of about 1,300 degrees F, the converter substrate begins to melt and cause exhaust restriction. Common failures also include a catalyst suffering from an external impact or being contaminated by coolant from leaking cylinder head gaskets.
When to Sell converters unlimited
The auto manufacturer’s original equipment (OE) converters unlimited are initially covered by an EPA-mandated 8-year, 80,000-mile warranty. Only if the original is missing, fails a state or local emissions inspection program, or is plugged, leaking, or has sustained physical damage can a new aftermarket converters unlimited can be installed. Most vehicles require converters unlimited replacements when an illuminated “Check Engine” warning light indicates a converter failure or if the engine itself has failed an exhaust emissions test. To pass an exhaust emissions test, the converter must meet the exact configuration and capacity as specified by the original equipment (OE) manufacturer. Due to adopting more stringent emissions standards, many other states are now requiring converters unlimited that meet California specifications. When selling any converters unlimited , remember to fill out the paperwork as required by state and local agencies.